Windows 10 Pro 內建 Hyper-v
安裝 CentOS 7.6 + PHP 7.3 + nginx + laravel 5.8
安裝Hyper-v 和 WSL( Windows Subsystem for Linux ) - 略
ps. WSL可以在Microsoft Store 搜尋Linux 下載不同版本Linux（Kali、ubuntu、Debian...）等Subsystem
ps.
Hyper-v 和安卓的夜神模擬器nox無法同時執行，Windows會報錯SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION 藍色畫面
https://www.reddit.com/r/windows/comments/9wdmcc/help_bsod_when_i_start_nox_player_hyperv_enabled/
NOX cannot run when Hyper-V is enabled.
ps.
BlueStacks 和 Hyper-v 也無法同時執行
該使用WSL還是Hyper-v？
結論：
你不應該使用WSL
1. Microsoft did not design or build WSL for production workloads.
微軟設計WSL不是為了生產環境
2. Running a virtual machine (VM) can be more efficient.
虛擬機更高效
3. 4. 5. 略
Windows 10 啟用hyper-v
下載Minimal版本
開啟hyper-v 功能
設定 =》 應用程式 =》 應用程式與功能 =》 選用功能 =》 更多Windows功能 =》 開啟hyper-v
（開啟後需重開機）
新增虛擬交換器
hyper-v 管理員 =》 虛擬交換器管理員 =》 新虛擬網路交換器 =》 新增【外部網路】，選擇有線網卡
虛擬機器 =》 設定 =》 網路界面卡 =》 選擇剛剛新增的【外部網路】虛擬交換器
新裝的機器要有網路
開機自動啟動eth0網路
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
ONBOOT=no
ONBOOT=yes
hyper-v 虛擬交換器 使用「外部網路」，（ThinkPad T460）
不要使用無線網卡，使用網路線連接區域連線，不然虛擬機和win 10 hosts會同一個內網ip，win 10 SSH連不上虛擬機
Hyper-v
儲存後即使重開Windows 10 ，再重開虛擬機器，工作狀態還在，等於沒有重開虛擬機
安裝完CentOS 7.6後
安裝一些常用package
# yum install vim epel-release screen git bash-completion telnet
裝完bash-completion後讓root可以正常使用
# source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
查裝什麼package才能用netstat
# yum provides */netstat
安裝net-tools以使用netstat
# yum install net-tools
升級git
因為yum安裝的git版本是1.8.3.1 ，用以下方法安裝2.x 最新版本的git
移除git
# yum -y remove git
新增 End Point 倉庫
# yum -y install https://packages.endpoint.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/endpoint-repo-1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
然後安裝2.x版本的git
# yum install git
檢查
# git --version
git version 2.30.1
End Point 倉庫過期造成yum無法更新
# yum update
...
https://packages.endpoint.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: packages.endp
oint.com; Unknown error"
解法
# yum-config-manager --disable endpoint
安裝php、php-fpm、nginx
安裝remi
# yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
如果你要最新的php 7.3.x，必須這樣做
# yum --enablerepo=remi,remi-php73 update -y
查remi的版本
# yum info remi-release
開啟remi-php73
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php73
安裝php7.3
# yum install php73-php
使php能夠呼叫到php 7.3 bash ( 直接加到.bashrc 可以自動enable )
# source /opt/remi/php73/enable
查php版本
# php -v
PHP 7.3.3 (cli) (built: Mar 5 2019 13:50:38) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
安裝 php 7.3的php-fpm
# yum install php73-php-fpm
安裝nginx
# yum install nginx
啟動php-fpm
# systemctl start php73-php-fpm
查php-fpm狀態
# systemctl status php73-php-fpm
啟動nginx
# systemctl start nginx
查nginx 開機是否自動啟動
# systemctl is-enabled nginx
disabled
開機自動啟動nginx、php-fpm
# systemctl enable nginx
# systemctl enable php73-php-fpm.service
訪問網頁不通時，打開80 port
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
# firewall-cmd --reload
success
檢查配置是否生效
# iptables-save | grep 80
-A IN_public_allow -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
關閉端口
https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/firewalld/ Using firewalld# firewall-cmd --remove-port=port-number/port-type
# firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
如：
# firewall-cmd --remove-port=80/tcp
# firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent
查當前zone開放的端口
# firewall-cmd --list-ports
下載composer-steup.php
# php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg composer-setup.php
# php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === '48e3236262b34d30969dca3c37281b3b4bbe3221bda826ac6a9a62d6444cdb0dcd0615698a5cbe587c3f0fe57a54d8f5') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
Installer verified
安裝composer
# php composer-setup.php
All settings correct for using Composer
Downloading...
Composer (version 1.8.4) successfully installed to: /root/composer.phar
Use it: php composer.phar
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
composer.phar composer-setup.php
刪除 composer-setup.php
# php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
讓composer方便呼叫
# mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
# which composer
/usr/local/bin/composer
更新composer
$ composer --version
Composer version
1.7.2
$ composer self-update
Updating to version
1.8.5 (stable channel).
Downloading (
100%)
Use
composer self-update --rollback to return to version
1.7.2
加速composer
$ composer global require hirak/prestissimo
...
Failed to download hirak/prestissimo from dist: The zip extension and unzip command are both missing, skipping.
Your command-line PHP is using multiple ini files. Run `php --ini` to show them.
Now trying to download from source
解決上面黃底的錯誤
# yum install zip unzip php73-php-pecl-zip
安裝
https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/installation 上laravel 5.8 必裝的php extension
檢查php extension有無安裝
# php -m | grep mbstring
安裝laravel 5.8需要的php extension
# yum install php73-php-pdo
# yum install php73-php-mbstring
# yum install php73-php-xml
# yum install php73-php-bcmath
安裝Xdebug
# yum install php73-php-pecl-xdebug
xdebug.ini報 invalid ELF header 錯誤
$ php --ini | grep xdebug
Failed loading /etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/15-xdebug.ini: /etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/15-xdebug.ini: invalid ELF header
Additional .ini files parsed: /etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/15-xdebug.ini,
解法：
重新安裝php73-php-common
# yum remove php73-php-common
# yum install php73-php php73-php-fpm php73-php-pdo php73-php-mbstring php73-php-xml php73-php-bcmath php73-php-pecl-xdebug
當然 php73-php-fpm 需重啟和重新enable
# systemctl start php73-php-fpm
# systemctl enable php73-php-fpm.service
讓XDebug CLI 生效
.bashrc 加入
export XDEBUG_CONFIG="remote_host=192.168.1.7 idekey=PHPSTORM"
export PHP_IDE_CONFIG="serverName=localhost"
/etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/15-xdebug.ini 修改：
xdebug.remote_enable = true
安裝 php-process
如果你要用workerman需要安裝php-process，否則啟動時會報錯
Uncaught Error: Call to undefined function posix_getpid()
# yum install php73-php-process
安裝memcached擴展
# yum install php73-php-pecl-memcached
安裝pdo_mysql擴展
# yum install php73-php-pecl-mysql
yum安裝時404報錯
# yum install php73-php-pecl-memcached
...
http://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/7/mongodb-org/4.2/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno -1] Error importing repomd.xml for MongoDB: Damaged repomd.xml file
Trying other mirror.
http://mirror.pregi.net/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
Trying other mirror.
...
解法
# yum clean all --enablerepo=*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: C7.0.1406-base C7.0.1406-centosplus C7.0.1406-extras ...
...
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
必須清除yum緩存。這邊和IP無關，使用 proxychains4 掛代理IP執行無效
避免出現Memcached::get(): could not unserialize value, no igbinary support的錯誤
memcached有個memcached.serializer，預設採用igbinary。但是，當主機上沒有安裝igbinary時，則會改用php模式（standard PHP serializer）。如果有台主機沒有安裝Igbinary，且該主機的程式由memcache取回資料時為Igbinary格式，因無法使用Igbinary而發生錯誤。所以統一改為使用php模式。
檢查當前PHP CLI的memcached.serializer是什麼值：
# php -r "echo ini_get('memcached.serializer');"
igbinary
或
# php -i | grep memcached.serializer
memcached.serializer => igbinary => igbinary
查配置文件路徑
# php --ini | grep memcached
/etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/50-memcached.ini,
修改 /etc/opt/remi/php73/php.d/50-memcached.ini 的 memcached.serializer配置為php
memcached.serializer = "php"
檢查修改後的結果（直接生效）
# php -r "echo ini_get('memcached.serializer');"
php
# php -i | grep memcached.serializer
memcached.serializer => php => php
安裝 laravel 5.8
$ composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel blog
配置nginx
nginx.conf 將server 改成以下
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /var/www/html/blog/public;
index
index.php index.html index.htm;
location / {
# autoindex on; // 如果想要開啟顯示資夾目錄的話加入這條
# // 建議只在debug階段開啟
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/www/html/blog/public;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
如果前一步驟沒配好，訪問網頁會直接下載index.php 文件
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25591040/nginx-serves-php-files-as-downloads-instead-of-executing-them/41838767#41838767
I had similar problem which was resolved by emptying the browser cache (also worked fine with different browser).
調好後要清空瀏覽器緩存
當storage 為777時，仍然報錯 storage/logs/laravel.log Permission denied
這個是
selinux 的問題
關掉selinux以證明這個問題
# setenforce 0
（可正常訪問）
這解法不好，因為你把被添加的服務器安全，所以把它改回去
# setenforce 1
應使用 SELinux 所允許的寫檔命令
blog ]$ sudo chcon -R -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t storage
laravel連不同（實體）機器DB時報錯
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Permission denied
但是用mysql 命令或Navicat ssh通道卻能連，只有laravel不能連
https://stackoverflow.com/a/56381932 SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Permission denied Laravel PDO Driver (credentials working via artisan migrate)解法：
# setsebool httpd_can_network_connect_db 1
beanstalk也不通 -
Socket error 13: Permission denied
# setsebool httpd_can_network_connect 1
安裝workerman/gateway-worker
$ composer require workerman/gateway-worker
https://learnku.com/articles/13151/using-laravel-to-carry-out-socket-communication-in-workerman
新增 Workerman 啟動文件
用命令 php artisan make:command WorkermanCommand 新增 Workerman 啟動文件 app/Console/Commands/WorkermanCommand.php
namespace App\Console\Commands;
use GatewayWorker\BusinessWorker;
use GatewayWorker\Gateway;
use GatewayWorker\Register;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Workerman\Worker;
class WorkermanCommand extends Command
{
protected $signature = 'workman {action} {--d}';
protected $description = 'Start a Workerman server.';
public function handle()
{
global $argv;
$action = $this->argument('action');
$argv[0] = 'wk';
$argv[1] = $action;
$argv[2] = $this->option('d') ? '-d' : '';
$this->start();
}
private function start()
{
$this->startGateWay();
$this->startBusinessWorker();
$this->startRegister();
Worker::runAll();
}
private function startBusinessWorker()
{
$worker = new BusinessWorker();
$worker->name = 'BusinessWorker';
$worker->count = 1;
$worker->registerAddress = '127.0.0.1:1236';
$worker->eventHandler = \App\Workerman\Events::class;
}
private function startGateWay()
{
$gateway = new Gateway("websocket://0.0.0.0:2346");
$gateway->name = 'Gateway';
$gateway->count = 1;
$gateway->lanIp = '127.0.0.1';
$gateway->startPort = 2300;
$gateway->pingInterval = 30;
$gateway->pingNotResponseLimit = 0;
$gateway->pingData = '{"type":"@heart@"}';
$gateway->registerAddress = '127.0.0.1:1236';
}
private function startRegister()
{
new Register('text://0.0.0.0:1236');
}
}
創建事件監聽文件
namespace App\Workerman;
class Events
{
public static function onWorkerStart($businessWorker)
{
}
public static function onConnect($client_id)
{
}
public static function onWebSocketConnect($client_id, $data)
{
}
public static function onMessage($client_id, $message)
{
}
public static function onClose($client_id)
{
}
}
s
啟動Workerman 服務端
$ php artisan workman start --d
檢查是否啟動成功
瀏覽器打開看到這個畫面就是啟動成功
在hyper-v上（不在容器內）竟然也能啟動成功...
設定固定IP
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-setting-rhel7-centos-7-static-ip-configuration/
使用 Network Manager 文字GUI，比較無腦
# nmtui edit eth0
IPv4 CONFIGURATION：<Manual>
Addresses：192.168.1.x
Gateway：192.168.1.1
DNS servers：192.168.1.1 （使用host的DNS，沒配置ping 不到域名）
點擊<OK>後即是自動修改了
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.1.x
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
重啟網路服務
# systemctl restart network
機器ip即固定 192.168.1.x ，原本的ssh會斷掉重連 192.168.1.x 即可
如果常常有時候連不上 hyper-v 192.168.1.9 （ping不通，但是瀏覽器打得開的詭異現象），重啟網卡（hyper-v CentOS + Windows） 無效
解法：
Bear-WAN先改【內部網路】再改【外部網路】，再重啟hyper-v 虛擬機
調整pagefile.sys到D碟後ssh無法登陸
因為C碟只有100G，使用TreeSizeFreePortable發現pagefile.sys就佔了16G，要把他移動到D碟。
設置完需重啟電腦，移動完發現hyper-v重啟，gitlab更新不了，而且ssh也登陸不上了。以後需要注意此操作
