安裝docker CE
由於 Docker 後來分為 Docker EE（Enterprise Edition）與 Docker CE（Community Edition）兩種版本，新的套件名稱與舊的不同，所以在安裝 Docker 之前，要先移除 CentOS Linux 系統上舊版的 Docker 套件：（新系統可略）# yum remove docker docker-common container-selinux docker-selinux docker-engine docker-engine-selinux
安裝一些必要套件：
# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
新增 Docker 官方的 stable 套件庫（repository）：
# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安裝 Docker CE 版：
# yum install docker-ce
將你的用戶加入docker group （
$ sudo usermod -aG docker $(whoami)
執行後可檢查 /etc/gshadow 和 /etc/group
docker 開機自動啟動
# systemctl enable docker.service
開啟docker 服務
# systemctl start docker.service
測試
# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b8ba256769a0ac28dd126d584e0a2011cd2877f3f76e093a7ae560f2a5301c00
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
之後docker images 會多一個 hello-world:latest 的鏡像
安裝Docker Compose
安裝 epel# yum install epel-release
查裝什麼package才能用pip
# yum provides */pip
安裝pip
# yum install python34-pip
安裝docker compose
# pip3.4 install docker-compose
...
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
升級pip
# pip3.4 install --upgrade pip
...
Successfully installed pip-19.2.3
檢測pip版本（升級後pip可以直接用了）
# pip --version
pip 19.2.3 from /usr/lib/python3.4/site-packages/pip (python 3.4)
升級Python packages，讓docker-compose 正確執行（我沒做）
# yum upgrade python*
查 docker-compose 版本
# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896
docker-py version: 3.7.3
CPython version: 3.4.10
安裝Docker Compose - 方法2
如果pip安裝遇到 RuntimeError: Python 3.5 or later is required 錯誤，可使用這個方法。更無腦
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/install-docker-compose-centos-7 How To Install Docker Compose On CentOS 7
# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
如果報錯：
curl: (35) Peer reports incompatible or unsupported protocol version.
https://blog.csdn.net/feinifi/article/details/79629904 git clone 报错：Peer reports incompatible or unsupported protocol version解决办法
原因是curl,nss的版本低
解法：
# yum update nss curl
docker-compose 自動完成
# curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.25.4/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose -o /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose讓安裝前的tty docker-compose可以自動完成
# . /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose
開啟ipv4 ip_forward
啟動時如果報錯# docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 5656:80 -v /root/php5.6-apache/src:/var/www/html my-php-app:latest
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
b44f4990a94025f7d03329dfb32c64b2677dc595d937a309582150b409c0404a
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41453263/docker-networking-disabled-warning-ipv4-forwarding-is-disabled-networking-wil Docker Networking Disabled: WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work
https://blog.csdn.net/weiguang1017/article/details/76212203 centos 7 Docker容器启动报WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work
https://carlislebear.blogspot.com/2014/11/arch-linux-internet-sharing.html Arch Internet sharing(透過另一台電腦上網)
Windows是無法訪問容器的web服務的（hyper-v上可以），要開啟以下設定
/etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
重啟網路
# systemctl restart network
這樣windows才能訪問容器的web服務
如果打不開，要注意有沒有因為被XDebug斷住了所以打不開
laradock
重啟Exited 的 laradock container
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cc866de06b61 laradock_nginx "/bin/bash /opt/star…" 2 months ago Exited (255) 11 days ago 0.0.0.0:443->443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5566->80/tcp laradock_ngin
x_1
ce974cde40bf laradock_php-fpm "docker-php-entrypoi…" 3 months ago Exited (255) 11 days ago 9000/tcp laradock_php-
fpm_1
cb36fbf53996 laradock_workspace "/sbin/my_init" 3 months ago Exited (255) 11 days ago 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp laradock_work
space_1
d475c0f6d18f docker:dind "dockerd-entrypoint.…" 3 months ago Exited (255) 11 days ago 2375-2376/tcp laradock_dock
er-in-docker_1
64c1a5ed1659 laradock_mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 months ago Exited (255) 2 months ago 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp laradock_mysq
l_1
啟動單一容器
# docker start laradock_workspace_1
laradock_workspace_1
但因為laradock 是很多容器組合而成的
正確的重啟laradock
# docker-compose up -d workspace nginx
laradock_docker-in-docker_1 is up-to-date
laradock_workspace_1 is up-to-date
Starting laradock_php-fpm_1 ... done
Starting laradock_nginx_1 ... done
如果報錯：
Creating network "laradock_frontend" with driver "bridge"
ERROR: Failed to Setup IP tables: Unable to enable SKIP DNAT rule: (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t nat -I DOCKER -i br-7d0b53dc35e0 -j RETURN: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
(exit status 1))
原因：
應該是改過防火墻iptables造成的
https://stackoverflow.com/a/53766860 iptables: No chain/target/match error (with docker network create)
https://github.com/wodby/docker4drupal/issues/211#issuecomment-351016274 Unable to enable SKIP DNAT rule （未使用）
解法：
重啟docker
# systemctl restart docker
再重啟laradock
# docker-compose up -d workspace nginx
進入workspace容器
# docker exec -it laradock_workspace_1 bash上面是以root身份進入，跑composer 會有警告。如何進入容器跑composer不報警告？
以laradock身份進入容器
# docker-compose exec --user=laradock workspace bash
laradock@daa4f318e534:/var/www$ composer --version
Composer version 1.9.0 2019-08-02 20:55:32
關閉laradock
# docker-compose down多人開發
配置.env
# APP_CODE_PATH_HOST=../# APP_CODE_PATH_HOST=../project-z/coolapp/ # 使用 laradock/nginx/sites/default.conf 不需特別設定
APP_CODE_PATH_HOST=../project-z/ # 多個專案，複製 laradock/nginx/sites/app.conf.example 成 coolapp.conf 和 coolapp2.conf
# WORKSPACE_INSTALL_XDEBUG=false
WORKSPACE_INSTALL_XDEBUG=true
# PHP_FPM_INSTALL_XDEBUG=false
PHP_FPM_INSTALL_XDEBUG=true # workspace 和 php-fpm容器都裝XDebug
# NGINX_HOST_HTTP_PORT=80
NGINX_HOST_HTTP_PORT=5566
coolapp.conf
coolapp2.conf
windows設hosts，重啟laradock（down 和 up），然後 http://app.test:5566/ 訪問coolapp，http://app2.test:5566/ 訪問 coolapp2
更新laradock
git pull 更新laradock後重新build會報錯，因為env-example 已經被改過了，加了一些配置先備份自己的.env（要記得你改了什麼），然後cp env-example .env 然後再把你原本在.env改的配置改到新的.env。這樣build才會成功
php安裝memcache
修改.env# PHP_FPM_INSTALL_MEMCACHED=false
PHP_FPM_INSTALL_MEMCACHED=true
需重新build php-fpm容器出錯
# docker-compose build php-fpm...
E: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/cups/libcupsimage2_2.2.10-6+deb10u1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 151.101.10.133 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
ERROR: Service 'php-fpm' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c if [ ${INSTALL_IMAGEMAGICK} = true ]; then apt-get install -y libmagickwand-dev imagemagick && pecl install imagick && docker-php-ext-enable imagick ;fi' returned a non-zero code: 100
build 失敗
https://github.com/laradock/laradock/issues/2434
https://blog.51cto.com/beijing0414/1633956
[root@localhost laradock]# date
Mon Apr 6 00:06:11 -02 2020
解法：
先安裝ntpdate
# yum install ntpdate
[root@localhost laradock]# date
Mon Apr 6 00:36:28 -02 2020
[root@localhost laradock]# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
8 Apr 13:07:13 ntpdate[14154]: step time server 119.28.206.193 offset 217834.861195 sec
[root@localhost laradock]# date
Wed Apr 8 13:07:15 -02 2020
重新build php-fpm（不吃緩存，比較慢）
# docker-compose build --no-cache php-fpm
這樣phpinfo()和命令行php -m 才有memcached
安裝docker-machine （無使用）
# base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 &&curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine &&
sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine &&
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
檢視配置檔案位於哪裡
https://codertw.com/%E4%BC%BA%E6%9C%8D%E5%99%A8/160314/$ systemctl show --property=FragmentPath docker
FragmentPath=/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
開啟docker API
https://gist.github.com/styblope/dc55e0ad2a9848f2cc3307d4819d819f新增文件：/etc/docker/daemon.json
{"hosts": ["tcp://0.0.0.0:2375", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"]}
新增文件：/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/override.conf
[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
重新加載 systemd daemon
# systemctl daemon-reload
重啟docker
# systemctl restart docker.service
在機器上測試
$ curl http://localhost:2375
{"message":"page not found"}
但是windows上打不開 => server要打開 2375 端口
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2375/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
然後在Windows 瀏覽器上直接打開 http://192.168.1.9:2375/info 顯示json即成功
忽然進不了XDebug斷點
commit ab4e06f270ae83d6e41702b2b652a980b12816ceAuthor: Jordy Schreuders <3071062+99linesofcode@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri Feb 14 15:15:04 2020 +0100
Default to host.docker.internal
因為更新重新build php-fpm後這個commit把 xdebug.remote_connect_back 改成0了
修改 php-fpm/xdebug.ini 、 workspace/xdebug.ini 將 xdebug.remote_connect_back 改回1，然後重新build
# docker-compose build php-fpm
ps. 重新build 時間比較久，改 xdebug.ini 後沒法像 nginx/sites/default.conf 只需要重啟laradock就能生效，必須build
進不了XDebug斷點-2
進不了XDebug斷點-3
其實是 laradock 的 workspace 容器的xdebug 版本是3.0.0這個原因造成的，workspace和php-fpm容器裝的是不同的xdebug，workspace負責cli，php-fpm負責網頁，所以網頁上的phpinfo()查到的是是php-fpm的xdebug版本，而workspace的xdebug版本要在容器裡cli執行，如：
root@e7aa5f3bd006:/var/www# php -r 'phpinfo();' | grep Xdebug
with Xdebug v2.5.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2017, by Derick Rethans
需要改 workspace/Dockerfile 的 xDebug 部分，讓workspcace 容器安裝低版本的xdebug
laradock中websocket 端口對外
https://github.com/laradock/laradock/issues/2002#issuecomment-468884705編輯 docker-compose.yml 加入
services:
workspace:
port:
- 2346:2346
然後重啟laradock
和gitlab端口衝突
目前已知 8080 和3000端口會和gitlab衝突（gitlab已開啟）
解法：
https://github.com/laradock/laradock/issues/2512#issuecomment-589719158 Bind for 0.0.0.0:8080 failed: port is already allocated
換一個端口，修改.env
WORKSPACE_VUE_CLI_SERVE_HOST_PORT=8080 => 8084
...
WORKSPACE_BROWSERSYNC_HOST_PORT=3000 => 3002
安裝特定版本的xdebug
如果你的專案和xdebug最新版本（3.0.0+）有衝突
https://bugs.xdebug.org/view.php?id=1883 0001883: Function xdebug_is_enabled has been removed
XDebug 3.0.0beta1版本把 xdebug_is_enabled() 移除了
可以這樣做
diff --git a/php-fpm/Dockerfile b/php-fpm/Dockerfile
index 1837b45..a64bf63 100644
--- a/php-fpm/Dockerfile
+++ b/php-fpm/Dockerfile
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ RUN if [ ${INSTALL_XDEBUG} = true ]; then \
if [ $(php -r "echo PHP_MINOR_VERSION;") = "0" ]; then \
pecl install xdebug-2.9.0; \
else \
- pecl install xdebug; \
+ pecl install xdebug-2.9.8; \
fi \
fi && \
docker-php-ext-enable xdebug \
ps. PHP_MINOR_VERSION就是PHP的中版本號，ex. php 7.3，PHP_MINOR_VERSION就是3
因為改了Dockerfile，所以要重新build，雖然有緩存，但還是有點久
$ docker-compose build php-fpm
...
Step 29/159 : RUN if [ ${INSTALL_XDEBUG} = true ]; then if [ $(php -r "echo PHP_MAJOR_VERSION;") = "5" ]; then pecl install xdebug-2.5.5; else if [ $(php -r "echo PHP_MINOR_VERSION;") = "0" ]; then pecl install xdebug-2.9.0; else pecl install xdebug-2.9.8; fi fi && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug ;fi
---> Running in 999878a0db51
downloading xdebug-2.9.8.tgz ...
Starting to download xdebug-2.9.8.tgz (245,293 bytes)
...................................................done: 245,293 bytes
91 source files, building
running: phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20180731
Zend Module Api No: 20180731
Zend Extension Api No: 320180731
building in /tmp/pear/temp/pear-build-defaultusergNFJEA/xdebug-2.9.8
running: /tmp/pear/temp/xdebug/configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/bin/php-config
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
自定義workspace中的.bashrc
由 workspace/Dockerfile
COPY ./aliases.sh /home/laradock/aliases.sh
...
USER laradock
RUN echo "" >> ~/.bashrc && \
echo "# Load Custom Aliases" >> ~/.bashrc && \
echo "source ~/aliases.sh" >> ~/.bashrc && \
echo "" >> ~/.bashrc
修改 workspace/aliases.sh 可以客製化容器中laradock用戶的.bashrc
然後需重新build workspace容器
# docker-compose build workspace
Dockerfile
以安裝 php:5.6-apache 為例https://hub.docker.com/_/php
新建 Dockerfile
內容為FROM php:5.6-apache
COPY src/ /var/www/html/
新增目錄src 和 文件src/index.php
build Docker image
# docker build -t my-php-app .Step 1/2 : FROM php:5.6-apache
5.6-apache: Pulling from library/php
...
他會從線上把 php:5.6-apache 拉下來，用下面方法查看
# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my-php-app latest 10cc9a5aa0c2 25 seconds ago 355MB
...
php 5.6-apache 24c791995c1e 14 months ago 355MB
刪除dangling的images（部份<none>TAG的image）
https://stackoverflow.com/a/33913711
因為每次都build同一個image名字時，前一個同名的image的REPOSITORY和TAG會變成<none>
# docker rmi $(docker images --filter "dangling=true" -q --no-trunc)因為每次都build同一個image名字時，前一個同名的image的REPOSITORY和TAG會變成<none>
啟動容器
# docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 5656:80 -v /root/php5.6-apache/src:/var/www/html my-php-app:latest--name my-running-app => 指定容器的名字
-p 5656:80 => 容器中的80端口對應到host的5656端口，http://192.168.1.9:5656/ 可訪問容器中的web伺服器
-v /root/php5.6-apache/src:/var/www/html => host的/root/php5.6-apache/src對應到容器中的/var/www/html，直接改host目錄的文件容器中文件就會改動
進入容器
# docker exec -it my-running-app bash用 -d 啟動後再用此目錄進容器，否則容器內的apache不會啟動
停止容器
# docker stop my-running-app刪除 Exited 的容器
# docker rm my-running-app進階使用
https://github.com/docker-library/php/issues/566#issuecomment-361676176 => php 5.6最高只能安裝xdebug 2.5.5
DockerfileFROM php:5.6-apache
COPY src/ /var/www/html/
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli \
&& apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y libfreetype6-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
&& docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/ --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/include/ \
&& docker-php-ext-install gd \
&& pecl install xdebug-2.5.5 && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug \
&& echo "zend_extension=$(find /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/ -name xdebug.so)" >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini \
&& echo "xdebug.remote_enable=1" >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini \
&& echo "xdebug.remote_connect_back=1" >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini \
&& echo "xdebug.idekey=PHPSTORM" >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini \
&& echo "xdebug.remote_log=/tmp/xdebug.log" >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
註：
安裝mysqli
安裝gd函式庫
安裝xdebug並配置
使用docker安裝beanstalk console
https://github.com/ptrofimov/beanstalk_console Beanstalk console
github上推薦用composer安裝，但是如果你的機器沒有php和composer，你可以這樣做。直接拉取github上專案
$ git clone https://github.com/ptrofimov/beanstalk_console.git
$ cd beanstalk_console/
$ docker build --rm -t beanstalk_console .
$ docker run -d -p "8899:80" --name beanstalk_console beanstalk_console
然後瀏覽器打開 http://x.x.x.x:8899 即可顯示 Beanstalk console
在容器內測端口
https://stackoverflow.com/a/2226759 Test if port open and forwarded using PHP
php-fpm容器內可能沒有telnet，可以用PHP去測端口通不通
$host = 'stackoverflow.com';
$ports = array(21, 25, 80, 81, 110, 443, 3306);
foreach ($ports as $port)
{
$connection = @fsockopen($host, $port);
if (is_resource($connection))
{
echo '<h2>' . $host . ':' . $port . ' ' . '(' . getservbyport($port, 'tcp') . ') is open.</h2>' . "\n";
fclose($connection);
}
else
{
echo '<h2>' . $host . ':' . $port . ' is not responding.</h2>' . "\n";
}
}
輸出：
stackoverflow.com:21 is not responding.
stackoverflow.com:25 is not responding.
stackoverflow.com:80 (http) is open.
stackoverflow.com:81 is not responding.
stackoverflow.com:110 is not responding.
stackoverflow.com:443 is not responding.
stackoverflow.com:3306 is not responding.
如果端口忽然不通可以嘗試重啟docker
參考資料：
https://blog.gtwang.org/linux/centos-linux-7-install-docker-tutorial/ CentOS Linux 7 安裝 Docker 步驟與使用教學https://github.com/NaturalHistoryMuseum/scratchpads2/wiki/Install-Docker-and-Docker-Compose-(Centos-7) Install Docker and Docker Compose (Centos 7)
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